Neo-Disneyism
In 2003 Peter Lang published The Emperor’s Old Groove: Decolonizing Disney’s Magic Kingdom, edited by Brenda Ayres. In this collection of 14 essays, the contributors argue that as of 2002, Disney’s film animation has continued to be a surreptitious colonizing force that manipulates the psychological, cultural, and political identities of consumers, predominantly children. Since then, Walt Disney Animation Studios and its subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributing companies have produced 63 additional film animations. Have they altered their portrayal of multiculturalism and SGM (Sexual and Gender Minorities) to be more inclusive and normative? Coeditors Brenda Ayres and Sarah E.