Reading Literary Institutions around 1900
To confront literary institutions means to confront paradoxes at every level. Institutionalization is the enemy of “real” literature and art, avant-gardists and critical theorists will tell you. Institutions standardize, constrain, and exclude while they assign value and invite critique. Conversely, there is no literature without institutionalization: it is only through institutional frameworks that we can communicate about literature as an observable phenomenon at all. And often, the fiercest critics of institutions are in turn the savviest institution-builders.