Permanently Withdrawn: Examining the Histories, Identities, and Representations of Black Nones in the U.S
A growing percentage of the American population is leaving the church and opting to let go of religious and spiritual frameworks to find social and personal meaning and even economic success, and this is true for African Americans who would have had no other option than to be “churched.” This development is noteworthy because much of what it means to be “black” in the United States, at least from a Western standpoint, is immersed in religious or spiritual frameworks that claim that people of African descent are inherently religious or spiritual. To be sure, it is often assumed that being religious is synonymous (ontologically) with being black and African.