“Human and Non-Human Animals in 19th century English Literature.”
“Human and Non-Human Animals in 19th century English Literature.”
According to John Berger in his famous essay, “Why Look at Animals?” (1977), there was a fundamental shift in the ways in which Europeans imagined and interacted with non-human animals (domesticated and wild) in the 19th century. The nature of this shift, Berger argues, was a symptomatic consequence of the social, cultural, and demographic transformations brought about by industrialization, urbanization, and capitalism.