Michel-Rolph Trouillot closed his 1995 Silencing the Past by reminding us that “History doesn’t belong only to its narrators, professional or amateur. While some of us debate what history is or was, others take it in their own hands.” This is nowhere more true than in two historical periods seldom in conversation - the medieval phenomenon called the “Crusades,” and the 19th-century American Civil War. Scholars here seek to clarify these periods among themselves, while popular audiences voraciously consume these and other retellings of the past, and others on the political left and right “take it in their own hands” by toppling monuments or explicitly evoking these periods as direct predecessors of their own.