Madwomen in Social Justice Movements, Literatures, and Art
Over forty years have passed since Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar wrote The Madwomen in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth Century Literary Imagination, their quintessential work of feminist literary criticism. Their work, and its title, struck a contentious chord by making a heavy-handed literary reference to Bertha Mason, the first wife of Mr. Rochester, who is kept in the attic and described in bestial terms in Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre. Gilbert and Gubar’s attempt to place the “madwoman in the attic” at the forefront or center of literary conversation is a gesture that gave agency to the phrase, encouraged meaning-making around it, and strove to keep madwomen alive as a critical subject.