The Gay return: Queer Representation revisits, challenges, and new directions.
It has been around 40 years since Vito Russo wrote the pioneering book The Celluloid Closet (1981) that catalogued the long painful history of gay representation in Hollywood film. The Celluloid Closet was produced during the AIDS epidemic and was one of many texts that drew attention to the lack of gay representation both before the 1980s and catalogued the changes that were occurring in gay media representation at the time. Lesbian representation has been historically represented by invisibility though was also impacted by the change in representation that the AIDS epidemic started. Gay male representation was always problematic while lesbians were invisible and heavily affected by the stigma of AIDS at this time.