UPDATE: Translation and Adaptation (4/15/03; e-journal issue)
Since the middle ages, the process of translation has sought to bring =
the text to a new audience by translating the text literally, or for its =
meaning. The tradition of translation was long carried on by men, and in =
the early modern period became an approved arena for women to exercise =
their pens. While negotiating social, political, and historical contexts =
and considerations, the text necessarily took on aspects of the =
translator's voice.